Urinary tract infections (UTI) are infectious lesions of the urinary system. The system itself includes the kidneys, bladder and ureters, as well as the urethra.
It is the lower parts of the urinary system that are most often affected, which include the urethra and bladder. Infection can occur because bacteria have entered the urethra through the urethra and then multiplied in the bladder.
Types of urinary tract infections
Most often, this infection usually develops in women because of the structure of their genitourinary system: because the female urethra is shorter, it reduces the path for bacteria to the bladder, so the infection can develop more intensively. If the urethra becomes inflamed, urethritis occurs; if the bladder becomes inflamed, cystitis occurs; if the infection penetrates the kidneys, pyelonephritis occurs.
Signs of a urinary tract infections
Symptoms of urinary tract infections can vary depending on which part of the urinary system is affected. The most common symptoms include:
- Pain and burning during urination
Burning or pain during urination is one of the earliest and most noticeable signs of infection. This is due to irritation of the walls of the urinary tract caused by the inflammatory process.
- Frequent urination
Infection often causes urges to urinate, even if the bladder is empty. This leads to false or frequent urges to go to the toilet, sometimes every 10-15 minutes.
- Cloudy and foul smelling urine
Due to the presence of bacteria and white blood cells, urine may become cloudy in color and have a specific unpleasant odor.
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Sometimes an infection can cause small amounts of blood to appear in the urine. It can also be a sign of more serious problems, so it is important to see your doctor.
- Pain in the lower abdomen and back
Pain and pressure in the lower abdomen, sometimes accompanied by lower back discomfort, can also indicate a bladder infection.
- Common symptoms
In cases where the infection spreads to the kidneys (pyelonephritis), more serious symptoms such as increased body temperature, chills, nausea and vomiting may occur. Such cases require immediate medical attention.
Methods of diagnosing urinary tract infections
To diagnose a urinary tract infection, the doctor usually prescribes several tests:
- General urinalysis
Allows to detect the presence of leukocytes, red blood cells and bacteria, which indicates an inflammatory process.
- Bacteriologic examination of urine
The isolation of bacterial culture from the urine allows not only to confirm the diagnosis, but also to select the optimal antibiotic for treatment.
- Additional methods
In some cases, ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder or cystoscopy may be necessary to detect complications and evaluate the urinary tract.
Treatment of urinary tract infections
UTIs are usually treated with antibiotics, as the main causative agents of infection are bacteria. The selection of an antibiotic is carried out by a doctor based on the results of tests and taking into account the possible resistance of microorganisms. The main principles of treatment include:
- A course of antibiotics, it must be taken as a full course, even if the symptoms disappeared earlier. Interruption of treatment can lead to a recurrence of infection and bacterial resistance.
- Painkillers, to relieve discomfort, the doctor may prescribe analgesics or antispasmodics.
- Maintaining water balance. Drinking enough water helps “flush” the urinary system and speed the elimination of bacteria from the body.
Prevention of urinary tract infections
Although the risk of developing urinary tract infections is high, there are measures that can reduce the likelihood of them occurring:
- Maintaining hygiene
Proper hygiene after using the toilet helps prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.
- Regular emptying of the bladder
Frequent urination prevents bacteria from breeding in the bladder. It is also advisable to be sure to visit the toilet after sexual intercourse.
- Avoiding the use of irritating products
Some hygiene products contain fragrances and chemicals that can irritate the urethra and contribute to the development of urinary tract infections.
- Drinking enough fluids
Water helps to naturally cleanse the urinary system and reduces the risk of infection.
- Balanced diet
A diet rich in vitamins and minerals strengthens the immune system, helping the body fight infections.
Folk remedies
There are a number of folk remedies that can help relieve the symptoms of urinary tract infections, but their use should be coordinated with a doctor:
- Cranberry or cranberry morsels. These berries contain substances that can prevent bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract.
- Herbal teas: infusions of chamomile, rosehip, horsetail can have a mild diuretic and anti-inflammatory effect.
- The use of warm compresses. Warm compresses on the lower abdomen can reduce pain, but their use is contraindicated at high temperatures.
Conclusion
Urinary tract infections are a common disease, which, if detected in time and properly treated, lends itself well to therapy. It is important not to ignore the first symptoms and consult a doctor for accurate diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatment. Compliance with preventive measures such as hygiene, adequate fluid intake and a balanced diet will help reduce the risk of developing the infection. Folk remedies can be used as an aid, but only after consultation with a doctor. By taking a responsible approach to your health and paying attention to your symptoms, you can avoid complications and keep your urinary system healthy.
